In the process of modern urbanization, solid waste treatment has become a crucial aspect of environmental management. With the promotion and implementation of waste sorting policies, various waste sorting equipment and solid waste treatment technologies have developed rapidly, providing strong support for resource reuse and reducing environmental pollution.
Firstly, common waste sorting equipment mainly includes screening machines, air separators, magnetic separators, and optical sorting systems. These devices separate different types of waste through physical or optical principles. For example, magnetic separators are mainly used to recover metallic materials, while optical sorting can identify and separate lightweight materials such as plastics and paper. In recent years, the introduction of artificial intelligence and image recognition technologies has significantly improved the accuracy of optical sorting systems. Statistics show that advanced optical sorting equipment can increase the accuracy of plastic classification to over 95%, greatly improving resource recycling efficiency.
Secondly, in terms of solid waste treatment, incineration, landfill, composting, and pyrolysis are currently the main technological pathways. Among them, incineration technology is widely used in large cities due to its effective volume reduction and potential for power generation. However, this method also carries the risk of emitting harmful gases such as dioxins, thus requiring a highly efficient exhaust gas purification system. In contrast, waste pyrolysis technology can convert organic waste into combustible gases and liquid fuels at lower temperatures, offering higher energy conversion efficiency and lower pollution emissions.
While mechanized and intelligent equipment plays a crucial role in waste management, some argue that over-reliance on technology may neglect the importance of source reduction and public participation. In fact, the effective implementation of waste sorting policies depends not only on advanced equipment but also on the active cooperation and behavioral changes of residents.
